Under a centralised curriculum model, a national authority sets a uniform curriculum, textbooks and exams for all schools. Under a decentralised model, regional authorities or individual schools design their own curriculum within broad national guidelines.

Brazil's Indigenous movement uses two broad strategies. The institutional strategy works within the state: in 2023, Lula's government created a Ministry of Indigenous Peoples (first headed by Sônia Guajajara), Indigenous politicians such as Célia Xakriabá sit in Congress, and groups like APIB litigate at the Supreme Court. 

The direct-action strategy includes retomadas (""retakings""), where communities physically reoccupy ancestral land held by farmers or ranchers without waiting for official demarcation, as well as road blockades and occupations of government buildings. Despite two Supreme Court rulings in their favour, Congress has repeatedly legislated to restrict Indigenous land claims, and demarcations remain slow.

Law firms traditionally operate by a partnership model where lawyers hold ownership and management positions. Lawyers themselves invest their own capital to fund the firm's operations.

Private Equity model involves PE firms acquiring these law firms and taking control of the management with the intent of selling them later after a certain period of time.

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was a Tamil separatist organisation that fought the Sri Lankan government during the Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009), seeking an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and east of Sri Lanka. The LTTE initially relied mainly on unconventional warfare, using guerrilla attacks and other irregular tactics against the Sri Lankan state. From the early 1990s, as it grew stronger and gained control over significant territory, it gradually shifted towards conventional warfare and developed an organised military capable of sustained territorial battles.

By the mid-2000s, the LTTE controlled large parts of northern and eastern Sri Lanka and had developed significant military capabilities. The government and LTTE then returned to large-scale fighting, with Sri Lankan forces gradually recapturing territory held by the LTTE. In May 2009, the Sri Lankan military defeated the LTTE, retook its remaining territory and killed much of its senior leadership, including its leader Velupillai Prabhakaran. The LTTE's organised military and territorial presence was subsequently dismantled.